Livonian Order. Gotthard Kettler, 1559-1561.
2 1/2 Ducats n. d., mint probably Riga.
Extremely rare.
Almost extremely fine.


Elizabeth I, 1558-1603.
Sovereign n. d., (1584-1586), London.
Very rare.
Slightly bent, almost extremely fine.


Mustafa III, 1757-1774.
2 Zeri Mahbub 1757/1758 (= 1171 AH), Misr (Kairo)
Ziynet pattern.
Very rare.
Holed, almost extremely fine.


Carlos III, 1759-1788.
8 Escudos 1764, NR-JV,
Santa Fe de Nuevo Reino (Bogota).
NGC AU58.
Rare. Extremely fine.


Bankportugalöser in the weight of 10 Ducats 1689,
by J. Reteke, on the major European banking cities of
Amsterdam, Hamburg, Nuremberg, and Venice.
NGC MS63 PL. Very rare.
Extremely fine-uncirculated.


Penny 1919.
Copper-nickel pattern of the “Kookaburra Penny”
by C. D. Richardson for Stokes & Sons. Extremely rare.
PCGS SP 61.
Tiny edge faults, extremely fine.


Vereenigde Amsterdamsche Compagnie.
1/2 Daalder in the weight of 4 Reales 1601, Dordrecht.
Extremely rare. Fine patina,
very fine-extremely fine.


5 Gulden type 1846.
Highest rarity (RRRR).
PMG Choice Very Fine 35.


Archive: People and Markets
Bulgaria Will Adopt the Euro in 2026
The euro area is expanding: On June 4, 2025, the European Central Bank confirmed that Bulgaria meets the requirements for joining the eurozone. This clears the way for the introduction of the euro on January 1, 2026 – provided that preparations can be completed in time.
Data Breach During Sale of 2-Euro Coin in Cyprus: How to Avoid Server Crashes
Cyprus wanted to celebrate the 20th anniversary of its EU membership with a 2-euro coin – but the party turned into a fiasco. Even before the start of sales, the server crashed; at times, customers could see the data of other buyers, and to this day, it is unclear whether the central bank will make another attempt to sell the coins.
Archive: Coins, Medals and more

Berlin and South Africa – A Time-Honoured Connection
Did you know that the first coins of the Boer Republic came from Berlin? It was quite a challenge to create the dies because the Berlin engraver Otto Schulz had no idea of Boer identity, which is why things almost went wrong…

Pattern of the First-Class Warrior Medal – A Previously Unknown Relic of German Colonial History
Leu’s first World Coins Floor Sale features a previously unknown pattern of a warrior merit medal for indigenous soldiers in German East Africa. This exceptional item provides rare insight into the early development of this obscure decoration.
PMG Grading On-site in Munich and at MIF Maastricht
In September 2023, Collectors and dealers can submit banknotes at the PMG Munich office or at PMG’s booth at the MIF show for on-site grading.
These Are Japan’s New Banknotes
In April 2023, the Bank of Japan has presented the first specimens of the new banknotes, which will enter circulation in 2024. The 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 yen denominations will feature new motifs and new security features.